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The following article was published in our article directory on March 31, 2011.
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Do not let us lost it on the starting line

Article Category: Advice

Author Name: Amanda xzh

Sources: people's net - People's Daily March 31 2011 05:01 me two sentences (1468) copy link medium sized print medium poor second generation, rich outside the second generation, system within the second generation and system second generation... Because of family background the intergenerational difference in China has become the differentiation of transition outstanding problems. Cause the second generation differentiation and for what reason? Each have what problem to solve? How to face the intergenerational differentiation? Recently, our correspondent into the "second generation" groups, and understand their living condition and psychological characteristics, reveals the deep reasons, intergenerational differentiated solutions and measures discussed.

editor

Drifts in between urban and rural areas "edge"

The second generation migrant workers ??? however because of census register for city ??? family background, etc are accepted by city didn't cause

Fast for two years, wang dong have been in Beijing chaoyang district jinzhan village jobs. In the 1990s, wang dong parents from anhui chaohu hometown to jinzhan village jobs. A few years later, he came here with the parents, and in migrant children schools finished elementary school and junior high school. But since no Beijing hukou, wang in Beijing university entrance exam, so not only back after middle school in anhui province, and old school local went to college. 2009, college graduation he returned to jinzhan village, but haven't found a steady job, only a small factory in nearby dearth.

No account, means that benefit the citizens of Beijing can't enjoy social security and public services; Parents are foreign migrant workers, wang dong without any can use of social resources; Monthly 1000 multivariate salary, buy a house unreachable dream. After speaking life, wang dong bewildered: "I don't want to go back to my hometown, but in the cities also blind development outlook, first on this side, and search slowly through chance."

Wang dong lives, it is most the second generation of peasant workers' portraiture. In recent years, there are indeed some second-generation migrant workers through own efforts made out of poverty, career, but most people or the family condition is poor, survivorship difficult and wander between urban and rural areas, become "edge". They come from the countryside, but due to long in the city life and for rural alienated; They wished to city, but for life stress, household registration, family background, etc are accepted by city didn't cause of modern life, it is difficult to share happiness.

Reporter in polls found that compared with the parents, the second generation migrant workers have their remarkable characteristics. They received a degree of education, will wear a suit and tie, like to use new mobile phone, mandarin said well. In addition to work, they also like to consider his own future, although the planning often are a distant dream.

LiHuan 18 this year. Since he can remember, the parents to keep him in shandong grandparents home, he was working out. Because of the lack of discipline, LiHuan study very urge to junior high school is bad, will not be willing to continue to study, straight-tempered with the parents came to Beijing.

"Just to, once be rich and colorful city life fascinated, special excitement." LiHuan said. But it wasn't too long, he found Beijing is good, belong to their home, his parents are not actually many working in Beijing tongzhou, room small and disorderly, everyday too tired to back tumble into bed, had little spare time.

At 16, LiHuan got his first job, work in the factory is parents do odd jobs, stem less than three months, he didn't do. "Live too tired, I never do not come down." LiHuan said, after he worked at a restaurant in the streets: waiter, distributed over the work always get advertising material, to another.

Talking about future plan, LiHuan was simply: "walk the one step one step, also can see what plan? Now for me, don't expect to live in Beijing without, settling down, buy a house, they hope to make some capital, later can do business."

Experts think, facing the new generation of peasant workers' confusion, we cannot wishfully asking them to return to the countryside, ease farming; Also cannot blindly accused them of bourgeois, they have the right to improve your living conditions. Government should accelerate household register, employment, health care, social security, rural land and other related system reform, eliminate as soon as possible cause gap between urban and rural areas and peasants and unequal institutional barriers, gradually dual management pattern, break for them in the city of survival and provide wider development space.

Looking for a job mo into "spell dad" game

To some extent, it decided to college graduates employment often is no longer results, ability, but family background, social relations

Recently on the Internet there was two articles cause many people resonance. An article is "I spent 18 years, can have coffee with you", describes the family of poorer people work hard for years and a rich person to have the same life as the level. This is the university entrance exam to change destiny true portraiture. Later, Internet and appear a essay titled "I spent 18 years, still can't have coffee with you" article, the author described himself in university and life after graduation, reflects the JiongZhuang because of family background with the great gap between the different and let it do to no avail.

"Knowledge to change destiny", once is how loud slogan. Now, this sentence had been countless people as truth, but the words drew the queries. In recent years, many college graduates found that certain extent determine their employment situation, it is no longer the achievement, ability, but family background, social relations. In a phrase network language: "looking for work is a rivalry parents wealth and power" spell dad "game". According to some media in Beijing, zhejiang, henan seven universities in such a survey respondents, 500 70 percent of people think, in employment in applying for more or less faced pressure from family situation 65 percent of graduates say most worried about family situation for himself in this job in a disadvantageous position.

DuChun is sichuan an university journalism graduate student. From the inquiry began, he went two Beijing some media intern. Because when opportunity job du flat-screen very diligent, nasty live, especially rob to dry, never complained. His performance recognized, internship units oral promise he can come to work after graduation. However, until finally apply for DuChun but did not get the stage, any job. Afterwards he learnt that most of the final cut a relationship, at least also get the recommended related leaders, but he didn't have any contacts resources, can only accept the results.

In contrast, SunYu was very lucky. As a no "relationship" peasant children, after SunYu graduated from the university last year GuoWuGuan ZhanLiuJiang, success into a large state-owned financial enterprises work, welfare benefits are very good. But orientation, he saw several and not in the written examination, interview before the new colleagues. He thought the other party is BuZhao employees, afterwards listen to a colleague said just know, someone's home would have arranged, "written examination, interview all need not attend directly from headquarters, index down." SunYu said.

After the job, SunYu also a bit depressed. Because does not want to offend people who are linked new colleague, often have to do some need work. "Tired desperately don't say, do well to get criticism." SunYu said. "but as I already so, it doesn't matter, and have no background" second generation "poverty, except for hard work, still can do? Besides, I now work has brought many people admire."

A reporter to interview, and the students think found in difficult employment "all" is rational, considered various factors contributed to this phenomenon, this ability is insufficient, due to their failure to experience enough for, not many complaints. But, if because family background is inferior to others and feel rather XinQiEr lost things.

Some college a university teacher admits, in the ordinary circumstances, from "bottom" rise "mass layer is relatively easy, as long as the effort will always have the corresponding returns. "From my standpoint, taught in their graduation graduate early to enter the academia, authority or the media, began his career course, and is not hard to upgrade. But again, not so simple. Personal effort is just one factor." reference The teacher said, "we do not deny that some of them will be successful, but more breakout, emerge the step-by-step," man can do "all undying ran.

Of course, conversely, only by the "relationship" also not line, if ability without achieve basic requirements, "relationship" also can't so reliable. Zhejiang university graduate student work in the Yang teacher thinks, although everyone can't choose their own family background, "second generation" and some poor people than up no background, no relationship, but just adjust the good attitude, acquired through hard work can also gradually improves economic conditions. "Spell dad" game is existence, but no significant change in the current situation, not only will complain, should be more active, "poor second-generation" more attention should be focused on their ability enhancement.

Reduce the anxiety "poor hereditary"

Enhance the employment market open degree and transparency, speeding up the reform of household registration system, promoting equal public services

Recently, some income is not high on the young people in the network public comments would not birth "poor three generations, reason is" poor "second generation" from the beginning of the children in the lost, doomed to starting line in a tough environment struggle, change the hereditary poverty fate brutally hard. Besides, was already was "mortgage slave", if have children, heavy economic burden on back, became "hai slave", not a lifetime live in "slave society"?

Maybe someone says, do not wish to fertility "poor three generations" exposed some young people are only understand reality enjoy, the psychological quality of poor, expected future too pessimistic. This view is not without reason. But, rather than discussing "second generation" why not poor fertility than face them confidence, to improve life, expect fair call. Don't let fertility "poor three generations", the vivid reflect their intergenerational transmission of poverty, social stratum increasingly solidified anxiety.

Nankai university institute of government management GuoDaShui professor thinks, compared with the beginning of reform and opening up, and now it's really appear a certain degree of class curing, members of society change status, bottom upward mobility in reducing the chance. "Lead to this kind of phenomenon, is one of the important reasons for the intergenerational social barriers, education and other social resources caused by uneven distribution. If this situation can change, to promote long-term social class reasonable flow, the social harmony and stability are very bad.

Expert analysis, in the recent 10 years, the income gap between China, expanding gini coefficient is already close to 0.5, social dregs income growth serious employee stagnant, this is causing "second generation" poor directly responsible. On the other hand, system obstacle social mobility opportunities to raising the cost reduction, flow. For example, modern education is the main mechanism of social mobility, however, because enrolment expansion of employment fee and overall appearance, poor families children through education upward mobility is becoming more and more difficult.

Fundamentally, class curing are caused by social construction far behind the economic reforms. For many years, we adhere to the principle of "priority to efficiency and due consideration to fairness", actually, the pursuit of growth too should be configured on social areas of resources disposition to also the economy. Some untimely policies don't adjust, seriously eroded the people get resources opportunity. Fair The United States, Japan and Latin America in the economic take-off managed to get a completely different results, root lies in whether seasonable and correct implementation system reform and strengthen social construction.

GuoDaShui thinks, at present a lot of system design were actively protect vulnerable groups rights, such as strict civil servants enrollment system, labor contract law, but the promulgation of the priority must strengthen the implementation. Contain intensified "spell dad" game also must strengthen institutional constraints, enhance the employment market, increase the public degree and transparency of employment "corporate" of punishment. From the most basic to begin, promote the rational flow of social members, eliminate the gulf between different dmc2, let "second generation" feel poor life has BenTou, believe can with great efforts to change destiny.

It is worth noting, "poor second-generation" human capital weak, social resources, they rely on their own less the strength to disencumber is difficult. This requires external power input. GuoDaShui proposal, the government should strengthen the second generation of "poor human capital investment, especially to strengthen the second generation of peasant workers' training so that they have the skill in urban based on. Meanwhile, accelerate the reform of household registration system, promoting equal public services, give full play to the government to the disadvantaged groups of protection.

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