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The following article was published in our article directory on November 1, 2011.
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Types of Wind Turbines

Article Category: Computers and Technology

Author Name: Jack Ryan

Wind turbines convert kinetic wind Types of Wind Turbines

Wind turbines convert kinetic wind  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energy" \o "Kinetic energy" energy to  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_energy" \o "Mechanical energy" mechanical energy. This converted power, when used to produce electricity, it is termed a wind generator or wind charger. When it is made to make machinery move, then it is termed a windmill or wind pump.

There are three basic types: the towered Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT), the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) Savonius, and the VAWT Darrieus.

The distinction between HAWTs and VAWTs is the direction of the axis from which the blades rotate. The latter is more frequently used and has been around for a longer time. The distinct characteristic of HAWTs is that they have the electric generator and rotor shaft located on top of their tower, and pointed to the wind. Wind vanes help point small wind turbines, while wind sensors with servo motors do it for larger turbines. A gearbox accelerates the blade's slow turning to a more suitable speed needed to power an electric generator.

The positioning of HAWTs are most commonly upwind relative to their towers, since towers produce turbulence as wind passes through them. Blades are usually stiff in order to prevent being pushed into the tower. In addition, the placement of the blades is made at a considerable distance from the tower. Sometimes, they are tilted a small measure forward onto the direction of the wind.

Turbines pointed downwards have been constructed so that they would not need any additional mechanism to keep them in line with the direction of the wind. They are also capable of bending backward, to reduce the swept area and thus reduce wind resistance. Many HAWTs are designed upwind to avoid  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_%28material%29" \o "Fatigue (material)" fatigue failures caused by repetitive turbulence.

Blades of commercial wind farms are usually three-bladed and have motors controlled by computers to point them to the wind. They usually employ a gear box to step up the generator speed. Models capable of variable speed can collect more energy compared to types that have constant speed.

VAWTs on the other hand, have vertically positioned main rotor shafts. This is advantageous in the sense that there is no need to point the turbine to the wind in order to collect energy. Thus, this kind of wind turbine is commonly used in places with highly variable wind directions, such as in sites with buildings. These kinds of sites usually have lower wind speeds.

As for disadvantages, their rotational speed is low, thus having a higher  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque" \o "Torque" torque and consequently a higher drive train. There is then a lower coefficient of power. With VAWTs, there is a higher difficulty in modeling the flow of the wind, and this adds challenge to the analysis and design of their rotor.

VAWTs, can have their gearbox and the generator located near ground level, giving better accessibility for repair and maintenance activities.

The Parallel turbine is a VAWT which is similar to a  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan" \l "Crossflow_fan" \o "Fan" crossflow fan. The  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darrieus_wind_turbine" \o "Darrieus wind turbine" Darrieus wind turbine or the so-called eggbeater turbine are highly efficient but are not too reliable due to an inherent defect in design. The  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giromill" \o "Giromill" Giromill is a subtype of the Darrieus turbine, having straight instead of the Darrieus' curved blades. There is also a cycloturbine variety. Other types include twisted Savonius turbines.

Some unconventional wind turbines include turbines with an observation deck and airborne turbines. Ram turbines are attached to aircraft to give it power to essential systems in cases of engine or power failures. All these varied forms have their inherent advantages and disadvantages.

Keywords: wind generator / wind generators / wind turbine/ Wind power generator/ wind power generators

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