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The following article was published in our article directory on February 4, 2012.
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Human Anatomy: The Urinary System

Article Category: Education

Author Name: chickie maxwell

Also known as the excretory system of the human anatomy, the urinary system is an organ system responsible for the process of manufacturing, keeping and eliminating urine. Urine is an integral medium of maintaining homeostasis and cleanliness in the body as it carries nitrogenous wastes, excess salts, and water which are being eliminated during the process of urination.
Components

In human anatomy, the human urinary system consists of the following organs:

Kidneys. This is the major organ of the urinary system. It is where urine is being formed. The kidneys have a characteristic bean-shaped appearance and are similar to the size a human's fist. This is where absorption of electrolytes occurs along the process of urine development. Some electrolytes commonly absorbed are calcium, sodium, and potassium. These electrolytes are being re-absorbed to be converted to energy for the body.

Ureters. These are tubes made of muscles attached to each of the human kidneys and extend to the urinary bladder. It functions to transport urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. Each ureter is estimated to be 10-12 inches long.

Urinary Bladder. Urinary bladder collects and stores urine for excretion. It is an organ made of elastic muscles and is located in the pelvic area. It was found that small amount of urine is being transmitted to the bladder in a frequency of 10-15 seconds. A healthy bladder can hold up to two cups or urine in a two - five hour period.

Urethra. This is the tube that is connected to the bladder and is the excretion point of urine from the body. The urethra has a mucous membrane coating and a thick layer of smooth tissues.

Sphincter Muscles. This part is responsible for controlling the release of urine in the body. The external part of it is composed of voluntary muscles.

The Process of Urine Formation and the Function of the Urinary System

Urine formation and excretion. The process of urine formation involves three steps:

glomerular filtration - this process involves blood filtration through osmosis and diffusion in the glomeruli. The filtered materials from the blood are known as glomerular filtrate. On a daily basis, it is estimated that 2.9 liters of urine are being produced by humans on a 24-hour basis.

tubular reabsorption - this is the process of re-absorption of essential nutrients like glucose, sodium, water, and other ions. The absorbed nutrients are put back into the blood.

tubular secretion - this is the process of excreting the remaining unabsorbed materials in the form of urine.

Osmoregulation. In human anatomy, this deals with the stability and salt in the body necessary for homeostasis. In the event of increased salt or water in the body, the kidneys will excrete the excess amount. If the water and salt content of the body goes below normal, the kidneys will absorb more of them.

Acid and Base Homeostasis. The balance between the body fluid's acidic and basic qualities is better represented by the symbol pH. The controlling function is done by the kidneys through ammonium and bound acids.

Keywords: human anatomy

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