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The following article was published in our article directory on February 7, 2012.
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Human Anatomy: The Nervous System

Article Category: Wellness, Fitness and Diet

Author Name: chickie maxwell

The nervous system is responsible for coordination and control of the body. This includes both involuntary and voluntary movements.

Components

There are four components of the nervous system:

Brain. It the control center for all bodily actions. It is a part of the central nervous system.

Spinal cord. This is the nervous tissue distinguished by long and thin appearance that connects to the inferior part of the brain and functions as the signal transmitter of nervous signals. It is coupled with the brain as a part of the central nervous system.

Nerves. These are extended parts of the nervous system that serves as bridges in nervous signal transmission from the different parts of the body to the nervous system and vice versa.

Nerve endings. These are responsible in ending sensory and motor neurons. These are special parts in the peripheral nervous system which are structured according to specific functions.

Parts and Basic Unit

The Central Nervous System. The central nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord.

The Peripheral Nervous System. This includes the nerves and the nerve endings distributed throughout the body. It is further subdivided into the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems.

The Neuron. In a similar manner as the cell, the nervous system has the neuron as its essential part. Neurons are special cells for the nervous system.

The Nerves

Nerves are cords composed of fiber bundles bound by connective tissues. Individual nerve fibers are called axon with its own covering. The types of nerves are as follows:

Spinal nerves - these are nerves that start from the spinal cord. In human anatomy, 31 pairs of spinal nerves are found.

Cranial Nerves - these are nerves that originate from the brain. In human anatomy, 12 pairs of cranial nerves are found.

Functions

The nervous system has two main functions:

Controlling our body functions. Keeping the different organ systems from acting separately is the controlling function of the nervous systems. It ensures that all the organ systems in the body are coordinated to perform their complementary functions. This ensures that the human body is able to move about.

The controlling function of the nervous system does not only limit itself to voluntary movements which are subject to our will. It also includes that humans do not have control over or those that are called involuntary movements.

Coordinating our body organs. The progressive composite of the body means that cells group together to form tissues, tissues group together to form organs, and organs group together to form the organ systems. These groupings are coordinated by the nervous system in order to realize the function of our different body parts. The possibility of the formation of the human body is attained when all organ systems coordinate with each other.

The Reflex Arc

In human anatomy, the nervous system process can be illustrated by simple reflexes. The reflex arc, which is a type of a circuit of a neural nature, gave rise to simple examples like the withdrawal reflex. In this case, the neural process starts with the senses (the hot stove comes in contact with the hands) and ends with a movement (the hand jerks away from the hot surface).

Keywords: human anatomy

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