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The following article was published in our article directory on April 30, 2013.
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Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis: Basics

Article Category: Advice

Author Name: Timur Karipov

The following are some of the methods that you may be interested to know. These are used to identify the chemical composition of a certain substance.

GC

GC stands for gaschromatography. In these instrumental methods of chemical analysis, the sample chemical is diluted on a portion of a certain solvent. The solvent acts as a neutral medium where the chemical will temporarily rest on. The resultant combination will then be injected inside a heated chamber. The base temperature of the heated chamber is constantly regulated to keep the temperature within the acceptable range. Vaporization will take place right after the compound has reached the optimal temperature to undergo chemical changes. This will lead to the exit of the compounds in the column. The column is situated at the opposite end of the container. As the extracted mixture of compounds goes out of the column, you may execute flame ionization, thermal conductivity tests, and electron capturing methods for the resultant compounds. This can help you detect the composition and the concentration of the compounds in a certain substance.

UV Spectroscopy

Ultraviolet spectroscopy is considered one of the most common instrumental methods of chemical analysis. In this method, the sample is initially immersed in a measured portion of a neutral solvent. The mixture is then subjected to ultraviolet shining. Before the actual shining procedure, the wavelength of the ultraviolet that will be used for exposure will be carefully determined. The compound is expected to absorb the ultraviolet light within a certain period of time. The rate of absorption for the ultraviolet light will highly depend upon the molecular structure of the substance under scrutiny. The detector will then identify the amount of ultraviolet light that the substance has absorbed. As for the amount of concentration of that particular substance, the experts are expected to calculate it based from the initial findings from the procedure.

HPLC

HPLC stands for high performance liquid chromatography. As the name of the procedure implies, this pertains to the analysis of the hue and the vital compositions of a certain substance by utilizing the liquid immersion method. This is similar to the first two instrumental methods of chemical analysis in the sense that this requires you to immerse the substance in a neutral solvent so you can scrutinize the compound in question more closely. After solvent dissolving, you have to inject the stream in the appropriate column. This will provide the input value for the identifying instrument. The column contains a lining of silica gel. The silica gel has a high affinity to the substance in question. Therefore, this can aid in easier identification of the compound.

IR Spectroscopy

The infrared spectroscopy requires you to shine an infrared lamp over the sample mixture. The sample needs to be spread on a stable support or a solvent prior to the method. Right before the shining phase for the compound, the experts are expected to determine the value of the wavelength that will be used to make this step successful. The detector will then monitor the rate of infrared light absorption for the substance. In turn, the wavelength of the infrared light utilized for the compound will serve as a fingerprint to aid in determining the unknown parts of the chemical composition of the substance.

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